中国航空客运网络的空间演化模式研究

Geographic Patterns of Air Passenger Transport in China

利用定量模型分析的方法,从经济转型期航空运输发展的驱动力、地域非均衡性、民航客运网络演化三方面对1980～1998年中国航空运输体系发展特征进行了分析。结果显示,经过20多年的发展,中国航空运输网络以及服务的地域范围得到了显著改善,平均每个机场服务的空间半径缩短了27％,旅客的平均旅行距离下降了17％;由于沿海地区社会经济的快速发展,中国航空体系的空间重心向东南偏移;层次分明的航空客运网络结构逐步形成;通过对经济发展与航空运输发展间关系的统计分析表明,中国经济每增长1％,则航空运量增长1.72％。航空运输的发展将在中国社会经济空间结构调整中发挥越来越重要作用。

This research analyzed the geographic patterns of domestic air passenger transport in China from 1980 to 1998, with three focuses: (1) impacts of economic reforms with transforming towards a free market economy, (2) regional inequality in air transport development, and (3) network development. During the study period, 1 % growth in GDP corresponded to 1.62% growth in air passengers. Accessibility to air transport improved significantly as China expanded its air transport system. Major airports dominated China's air passenger transport, but such dominance declined as medium and small airports gained higher shares. Cities of non-political centers also gained more grounds, reflecting the impact of China's transformation from a central-planned to a free market economy. The centroid of air passengers migrated towards southeast, consistent with the movement of economic centroid as economies in coastal areas grew faster. The average air travel distance in China dropped from 1,342 km in 1985 to 1,114 km in 1998 as airlines expanded the business to medium-distance travelers. The rule of distance decay in air traffic was more applicable to China in 1998 than in 1985 as the market economy worked its way into China's air transport market. For various reasons, cities in the East and West Regions enjoyed faster development in air transport than the Middle, displaying an interesting ' flyover effect'.