滇西4市县居民区小哺乳动物的群落结构

Structure of Small Mammal Communities in the Dwelling of Four Counties in Western Yunnan

198 3～ 1996年对云南瑞丽、陇川、盈江和保山 4市县居民区小哺乳动物的长期调查 ,经聚类分析 ,该地区的小哺乳动物可划分为 3种群落 :(1)以黄胸鼠 +大臭为主的瑞丽、陇川室内外小哺乳动物群落 ;(2 )以黄胸鼠 +大臭 +小家鼠为主的盈江、保山室内和盈江室外小哺乳动物群落 ;(3)以黄胸鼠 +大臭 +灰麝为主的保山室外小哺乳动物群落。其群落多样性指数以群落 (3)为最高 (1 5 897) ,群落 (1)、(2 )较低 ,分别为 1 0 990 ,1 0 4 2 5。 4市县在同一坝区小哺乳动物室内、外唯一不能聚为同一群落的保山室外黄胸鼠数量骤减是第 3群落多样性增加的主要原因 ,亦是鼠疫在该坝区不能长期保存的原因。因此小哺乳动物群落结构与鼠疫的保存和传播机制之间的关系非常密切。

According to the cluster analysis of investigation from Ruili,Baoshan, Yingjiang,Longchuan counties in western Yunnan province during 1983 to 1996, the structure of small mammal communities can be divided into three types:(1)Ruili and Longchuan(indoor and outdoor)communities dominated by Rattus flavipectus and Suncus murinus;(2)Yingjiang (indoor and outdoor)and Baoshan (indoor)communities dominated by Rattus flavipectus ,Suncus murinus and Mus musculus;(3)Baoshan(outdoor)community by Ruttus favipectus, Suncus murinus and Crocidura attenuats.The community 3 has the highest species diversity (1.589 7), and communities 1 and 2 have lower diversities of 1.099 0 and 1.042 5,respectively.It was considered that the reduced number of Rattus flavipectus in the Baoshan area(outdoor)was the reason of the increased diversity in third community and was also the reason that Yesinia pesitis was not conserved on the Baoshan area for a long time. There is a very close relationship between the structure of small mammal communities and the mechanism of the conserve and spread of Yesinia pesitis.