论英语语态转换的限制

On the Constraint of Voice Transformation

传统英语语法中 ,语言学家将属于英语语法范畴的语态分为两种形式 :主动语态和被动语态。若单纯从形式上给被动语态下的定义来看 ,被动语态所包括的范围非常之广 ,R·Quirk等人将之分为真被动、半被动和假被动三种类型。一般来说 ,具有直接宾语的主动句大都可转换为被动句 ,但在语言的实际使用中 ,情况却十分复杂 ,它们的相互转换受到动词、宾语、语义、语境和语体等的限制 。

In traditional grammar , voice , a concept of English grammar , is divided into two forms by linguists : active voice and passive voice. If speaking only from the definition in grammatical form , We can say passive voice covers a wide range of forms . R·Quirk and other experts divide passive voice into three types : true passive , quasi-passive and pseudo-passive . Generally speaking , active sentences with direct objects can be made passive , but in actual language usage , things are complicated . Transforming active sentences into passive is determined by many factors , there are verb constraints , object constraints , meaning constraints , context constraints and genre constraints . The present article will deal with constraints from active sentences transformed into passive .