虢国车马坑葬初探

ON the Chariot Pits at a Tomb of the Kingdom Guo

三门峡上村岭虢国墓地车马坑是迄今为止发现的西周春秋时期规模较大、等级齐全、排列有序的贵族墓葬车马坑。虢国车马坑葬继承和沿用商周车马殉葬制,又适应和迎合社会进步及变革需要,对车马坑的殉葬内容和形式进行变通与革新,摒弃车葬坑和同穴葬,整车葬成为主流形式,并盛行车马葬和异穴葬,车马排列有序,殉葬性质更加明确,是象征性、明器化殉葬的滥觞,殉人制消失,显示出传统车马坑葬制开始出现瓦解的苗头。大量车马坑葬在虢国墓地出现,反映了虢国生产力发展水平和崇勇尚武世风,更反映了车马坑主人的身份等级,它与列鼎制紧密配合,形成了一个不可分割的整体。

The Chariot and horse pit, wioih was unearthed in Guo Kingdom's tomb, Slang cunning, san MenXiacity. Is the pit of a noble's tomb with funerary objects that has been discovered so far that orderly arranged one in full grades and with extensive scope during the west Zhou as well as the spring and Autumn Period. The Guo kingdom Chariot and horse pit zhherited and adopted the funeral system with Chariot and horse in Slang and Zhou dynasty, it adapted and catered to the social development and change, thus charged and renovated thefuneral contents and forms of chariot and horse pit. It discarded the pit with burying chariotand the form of burying in the same pit. while the form of burying chariot and horse and theform of burying in different pit prospered, burying the whole chariot became the mainstream. In this chariot and horse pit, the chariot and the horse are orderly arranged, the funeral features and its symbolization are more explicit, the burying of funerary objects started, choate that of man perished, this shoes some sign of the collapse of the traditional funeral system of buying chariot and horse, the discovery of a large number of chariot and horse in Guo kingdom toms reflects the level of produefivitg and the public morals of worshiping martial spirit in the then Guo kingdom. Moreover, the pit also reflects its métier's status and grade, when we coordinated it pot system, the two formed an integrated part.