屈原“爱国主义”研究的历史审视

A Historical Survey of the Research into Quyuan′s Patriotism

随着杨公骥、曹大中为代表的“屈原爱国主义否定论、局限论”的不断出现以及近四十年的商榷、批驳 ,这一议题常常成为楚辞研究中学术争鸣的一个热点。本文从两千年楚辞研究史着眼 ,指出从作者、作家而言 ,可以称屈原为“爱国者”、“爱国诗人” ;从内涵而言 ,应称为“爱国思想”或“爱国精神” ;屈原至死不离开楚国 ,用实际行动强化了“热爱父母之邦”这一美好的情操 ,尽管当时还不能升华为一种排他性的、非信守不可的政治伦理道德 ,但他这一思想、行动对我们民族“最深厚的感情”———“爱国主义”的形成 ,具有无法估量的实践意义与理论价值 ;困扰我们对屈原爱国主义作冷静、理智研究的因素 ,主要有“楚国视野”与“秦国视野”的不同 (空间距离 )、“历史意识”与“当代观念”的差别(时间距离 )。

The research into Quyuna′s patriotism frequently becomes a highlighted issue in academic contentions because of the viewpoints about the limitation or non existence of Quyuan′s patriotism represented by Yang Gongji and Cao Dazhong,and of discussions and refutations of Quyuan′s patriotism in recent forty years.In view of two thousand years of Chuci research,this paper points out that as a writer Quyuan is a patriot and patriotic poet with its connotation of'patriotic thought'or'patriotic spirits'.Quyuan staying in Chu kingdom until his death enhanced the sentiment of loving one′s motherland.Although the sentiment had not evolved into an exclusive ethic and morality to be abided by people,it was invaluable practically and theoretically in the formation of patriotism,the deepest feelings to one′s nationality.The main factors affecting the calm and sensible research into Quyuan′s patriotism are the space difference between historical consciousness and present sense.