论诗体赋的特征及其滥觞

On the Characteristics of Poetic Prose and Its Origins

诗体赋主要产生于西汉初期,作为汉赋中的一种体式,它兼有诗与赋两种特征。与同为汉赋的散体赋和骚体赋相比,诗体赋的特征主要表现在三方面:语言上多四言整句;内容上多为咏物题材;表现手法上多以象托意。诗体赋的产生和发展脱离不了与先秦诗歌的关系,但真正作为诗体赋的滥觞,应当是屈原的《橘颂》和荀卿的《赋篇》五(?),它们已经基本具备了诗体赋的三个特征。先秦帛书《相马经》文体类似于赋,对于研究汉代诗体赋的形成也具有一定参考价值。

Born in the beginning of Western Han Times, poetic prose was an intricate literary form combining elements of poetry and prose. Compared with other types of proses, it had the following three features: four words to make a sentence; things to be changted for;images to express meaning. Its birth and development had a lot to do with the early Qin Dynasty poems,but should owe its real origin to 'Ode to Oranges' written by Qu Yuan and 'Prose Writtings' by Xun Qin, which had already contained the three features. The style of ' Xiang Ma Jiang , a pre-Qin book copied on silk was similar to that of prose writing,and could be consulted in the study of Han poetic prose.