液化天然气的危险性与安全防护

DANGERS AND SAFEGUARDS OF LNG

LNG作为一种清洁、优质燃料已广泛应用生产与生活 ,但作为一种深冷液体 ,人们对LNG的低温安全性能却了解不多。为此 ,阐述了LNG的密度、温度、蒸发以及溢出与扩散等特性 ;列举了来自LNG的危险性 :①储存过程中的沸腾与翻滚 ;②低温冻伤 ;③泄露 ;④低温麻醉 ;⑤窒息 ;⑥冷爆炸 ;⑦火灾。最后从工艺装置安全设计、可燃气体探测设施、事故切断系统 (ESD)、消防水系统、使用泡沫控制蒸气扩散及辐射、人身安全保护、低温冻伤急救等方面 。

As a clean and high-quality fuel, liquefied natural gas (LNG) has been applied for industries and citizens widely. But as a cryogenic liquid, people seldom know the safeguards of LNG. So, the characteristics of density, temperature, vaporization, overflow and diffusion of LNG are described. And the dangers from LNG are listed as follows: 1 boiling and rolling in the process of storages 2 frozen injury from low temperature; 3 leakage; 4 anesthesia from low temperature; 5 suffocation; 6 cryogenic explosion; 7 fire hazard. Then, the safeguard methods and measures are discussed on the safety design of process devices, the detecting facilities of combustible gas, the emergency system of danger (ESD), the fire-fighting water system, the vapor diffusion and radiation controlling with foam, the person security and the emergency treatment of cryogenic injury, etc.