功能性木质炭素新材料的研究与开发

Progress in advanced carbon materials from wood charcoals

木质炭化物的高效开发利用,对解决废弃物资源化、环保、生态环境等问题将起到十分积极的作用。通过述评功能性木质炭素新材料的国内外研究和开发进展,涉及到木质炭素材料吸着特性的研究概况、木质炭化物在环境净化方面的应用、木质系炭素新材料的研发、性能和应用等方面。着重介绍了一些木质系炭素新材料:木陶瓷、木质吸油材料、高电导性材料、保健材料、土壤改良材料、二氧化钛/炭复合材料、烧结炭等。同时对其副产物木醋液的应用领域,如在食品添加剂、消臭剂、医药、农业等方面的应用也做了一些梗概。由此可看出:木质炭化物新利用,高功能化的研发可使古老的木炭衍化为新颖的功能性材料,从而产生更高的经济、社会和生态效益。

The study of wood charcoal utilization and development of advanced carbon materials from them has seen much activity in recent years. Efficient use of wood charcoal solves environmental and ecological problems by using wastes as raw materials. Progress in the research and utilization of wood charcoals, concerning the adsorption characteristics of wood charcoal, wood charcoal for environmental protection and advanced carbon materials from wood charcoals is summarized. Special attention is paid to advanced carbon materials from wood charcoal, such as: wood ceramics, wood oil adsorbents, electromagnetic interference shielding materials, electroconductive charcoal putty, titanium dioxide/charcoal composites, sintered charcoal, health care materials, soil modification materials, building materials, etc. The use of wood vinegar, a by-product of charcoal production, is also considered, such as for deodorizing incense, germicides, cosmetics, medical uses, food additives, agricultural chemicals, etc. Development of new advanced carbon materials from wood charcoal will produce many social, economic and ecological benefits.