老年人颌面创伤的临床特点与治疗

Clinical characteristic and treatment of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly

目的 分析老年人颌面创伤的临床特点 ,为提高救治成功率提供依据。 方法 选择第四军医大学口腔医学院 1992年 1月至 2 0 0 2年 12月就诊的 12 6例老年颌面创伤患者 ,对创伤的原因、部位、合并伤及治疗方法等进行回顾性分析 ,并与同期的随机抽取的 2 0 0例非老年组患者进行比较。 结果 12 6例中 ,交通事故和暴力致伤为主要创伤原因 ,分别占 6 1 1%和 2 5 4 %。损伤特点为多发性骨折 ,面下部是最易受伤的部位。 6 9 1%的患者并存系统疾病 ,35 7%的老年颌面骨折患者未治疗 ,与非老年组比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 ) ;老年组的治疗天数和ICU天数〔(16 5± 10 9)和(4 3± 3 3)d〕均较非老年组长〔(4 3± 3 3)和 (2 3± 3 0 )d ,P <0 0 5〕 ,损伤严重度评分与非老年组差异无显著性。 结论 应加强对老年人颌面创伤的预防 ,救治中注意其并存症多的特点及降低病死率和致畸率。

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristic and provide therapeutic techniques of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly. Methods Geriatric maxillaofacial trauma patients admitted to our hospital from January 1992 to December 2002 was retrospectively reviewed. Data were collected according to etiology, location, comorbidities, associated injuries, therapeutic methods and the outcome. The patients were compared with a control group consisting of 200 young and adult patients admitted at the same period. Results For the 126 geriatric trauma patients, the major causes were traffic accidents(61.1%) and violence assault(25.4%). A large proportion of facial injuries occurred on the lower part of the face. 69.1% of the patients presented with preexisting diseases. Most of the fractures were not treated(35.7%). The length of hospitalization and ICU stay were relatively longer when compared with the control group(P<0.05). Conclusions More preventive measures need to be implemented. To minmize mortality and morbidity has to be considered during the treatment.