微量末梢全血生理盐水稀释沉淀法检测HBsAg的研究

Detection of HBsAg by sedimentation of a small amount of peripheral blood and diluted with normal saline.

目的 探讨应用微量末梢全血代替末梢血清或静脉血清 ,在快速ELISA检测血样的乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原的效果。 方法 用生理盐水稀释微量末梢全血 ,沉淀血球 ,取上清液用快速ELISA试验检测 42 3份血标本中的乙型肝炎病毒特异性标记物HBsAg ,并与相应的静脉全血、静脉血清、末梢血清结果进行比较 ,计算其检出率、符合率、灵敏度和特异度。 结果 末梢全血生理盐水稀释法与静脉血清法的总符合率为 98.74%。以静脉血清法作参照 ,末梢全血稀释沉淀法的灵敏度和特异度分别是 98.3 1%和 97.2 7% ,阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为 97.3 5 %和 95 .47% ,虽略低于末梢血清法的相应指标 ,但差异无显著性。 结论 微量末梢全血稀释沉淀快速ELISA法检测HBsAg ,用血量少 ,人们乐于接受 ,操作方便快捷 ,结果稳定可靠 ,可作为大批量行业性检查中HBsAg的筛查方法 。

Objective To explore rapid detection of HBsAg by using ELISA with small amount of peripheral blood instead of peripheral serum or venous serum. Methods Small amount peripheral whole blood was diluted with physical saline and the red blood cells sedimented, supernatant was collected and used in ELISA for rapid detection of HBsAg markers in 423 serum samples. The results were compared with that of the peripheral whole blood, peripheral serum and venous serum. In addition, the coincidence rate, detection rates, specificity and sensitivity were also determined. Results The coincidence rate using peripheral venous blood diluted with physical saline and venous serum was 98.74%; The sensitivity and specificity of peripheral whole blood sedimented with the venous serum as control were 98.31% and 97.27%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 97.35% and 95.4%, respectively, without significant differences. Conclusion Rapid detection of HBsAg by using ELISA with small amount of peripheral whole blood diluted and sedimented possesses relatively high practical value and can be used for screening activities as it needs less blood, simple and reliable.