职业伤害与社会经济影响因素的关系

Relationship of occupational injuries with social and economic factors

目的 分析化工行业职业伤害的社会经济影响因素。方法 采用 1∶2配对病例对照研究 ,应用单因素条件Logistic回归、主成分分析以及主成分条件Logistic回归对病例与对照的有关社会经济影响因素进行统计分析。结果 单因素分析结果有显著性意义的变量为年龄、性别、文化程度、就业类型、技术等级、就业地点、工作变换、月均工资、家庭年收入、企业规模、企业性质、安全防护设备、安全操作规程和安全教育制度。主成分分析提取的 4个主成分较好地反映了原 11个指标的信息 ,累计贡献率为 77.36 %。第一主成分解释了原变量信息的 4 6 .6 9% ,是职业伤害的指示因子 ,第二主成分是职业活动因子 ,第三主成分是工作稳定性因子 ,第四主成分是性别因子。多因素条件Logis tic分析结果显示 ,第一、第二主成分有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ,在众多原变量影响因素中 ,作用较明显的因素有性别、就业类型、经济收入、企业规模和企业性质等。结论 职业伤害的社会经济影响因素较多且相互作用。职业伤害的防治应从加强安全生产教育、增强职工自我保护意识和提高企业经营者的生产安全意识等方面综合考虑。

Objective To explore the relationship of occupational injuries with social and economic factors in chemical industry during 2000.01-2001.12. Method 1∶2 paired case-control study,univariable logistic regression analysis,principal component analysis,and multiple logistic regression analysis were used in this study. Results Univariable analysis showed that occupational injuries had significant relationship with age,sex,education,employment pattern,technology,workplace,work changing,wage,family income,enterprise scale,enterprise proprietorship,projective device,operation rules,and training rules of work safety. The extracted four principal components(PC 1,PC 2,PC 3 and PC 4,ranked by contribution) gave good expressions to the initial 11 variables.The cumulative proportion of the four principal components reached 77.36%.PC 1 was the indicative factor of occupational injuries,which represented 46.69% information of initial variables.PC 2 was the kinetic factor of occupational injuries.PC 3 was the stable factor of occupational injuries.PC 4 was the sex factor of occupational injuries.The results of multiple conditional logistic regression analysis showed that occupational injuries had statistically significant relationship with PC 1 and PC 2.Among the initial variables,sex,employment pattern,income,scale of enterprise,and property of enterprise were more prominent. Conclusion Occupational injuries are related with multiple social and economic factors,which often interact on each other.The prevention and control of occupational injuries should require a comprehensive approach,including training and education of work safety,improving workers' consciousness of self-protection,and enhancing proprietors' consciousness of work safety.