听写任务下儿童汉字输出特点及影响因素的研究

The Characteristics and Factors Affecting Children Character Output Under the Dictation Task

本研究采用听写任务 ,考察了小学六年级儿童的汉字书写心理过程。结果发现 :正确率与频率成正比 ,与目标字学习年级成反比 ;书写错误主要是别字错误 ,错字错误少 ;在错字错误中 ,超过 75%的错字部件正确 ;在别字错误中 ,同音错误比例最高 ,其次是同声旁错误 ;不同特性的汉字 ,儿童所犯的错误不同。本研究的结论是记忆有助于儿童汉字书写 ,汉字构字规则以及同音字多、声旁表音等汉语语言学规律对儿童汉字书写产生影响。

Using the dictation task, the writing processing of Chinese characters by the sixth grade children was investigated. The results show that the accuracy of writing was affected by character frequency and the grade that a character was first introduced in the textbook. Analyzing the error types under the dictation task, it was found that the most common errors were ones children replaced targets with homophonic characters, or with the characters sharing the same phonetics. There were much fewer non-character errors, especially non-characters with wrong components. It suggests that children's writing benefit from memory and repeating, also is greatly affected by the character structure awareness.