“亚细亚生产方式”概念历史演变的考察之二

Historical Evolution of the Concept "Asian Mode of Production"(Ⅱ)

马克思、恩格斯著作中的“亚细亚生产方式”概念是一个历史性概念 ,在他们的社会形态理论形成的四个不同时期 ,即 1 85 3年以前的时期、1 9世纪 5 0年代中后期、以《资本论》为代表的时期、摩尔根《古代社会》一书发表以后的时期 ,涵义并不相同。在《北京行政学院学报》2 0 0 1年第 5期 ,笔者已对第一时期的思想作了考察 ,现在考察第二时期的思想。本文认为 ,马克思这一时期的思想与第一时期已有较大区别 ,他不再把“亚细亚生产方式”看作不能放在社会发展序列中的任何一个阶段的特殊的社会形态 ,而把它看作人类历史的第一阶段。这个阶段不是我们现在所说的原始社会 ,它仅仅指原始社会的最后阶段 ,是原始社会向奴隶社会转变的过渡阶段。

The'Asian mode of production'in Marx and Engels' works is a historical concept, the implications of which are not exactly the same in different phases of the development of their social formation theories, namely, the period prior to 1853, the one in the middle and late 1950's, the one marked by the book On the Capital and the one after the publication of Morgen's Ancient Society. In the 4th edition of the Journal of Beijing Administrative College in 2001, the writer had been expounding on its implication in the first period. In this article, that of the second phase is discussed. The paper holds that Marx's idea in this period had undergone great change from that in the previous one, which no longer took the Asian mode of production as a special social formation that doesn't belong to any stage of the social development, but the initial stage of human history. Such a stage is not what we call the primitive society, but the final stage of the primitive society, a transitional period from such society to the slave society.