安定卫的残破与部众迁徙觅踪——兼论安定卫与裕固族形成的关系

Dilapidation of Andingwei and Tribes Migration——The Relationship between Andingwei and Formation of Yugu Nationality

明代安定卫的残破和裕固族形成有密切关系。安定卫残破后,卫众分为三种情况东迁、流徙(流浪迁徙):一是被亦不剌等裹胁,随同其活动,最后定居于青海、甘肃天祝等地,融入土族;二是依他卫居牧,随他卫东迁;三是东迁肃州南山一带。其中以“红帽子”见于史料的安定遗众,源于蒙古族,属四卫之“阿真”部,明代史料称为“阿骄”,先是被土鲁番“收捕”,后东迁至祁连山,与嘉靖七年东迁之罕东左卫帖木哥等部发生冲突,迁居皇城,被入青之套部蒙古裹胁,在青海一带活动,最后融入土族。其居住在肃州南山的一部,明代史料称为“哈刺秃”,成为裕固族之一部分。裕固族“大头目”家非安定王系,姓“安帐”,并非源于安定卫之“安定”,也非“罕东”之音转。

In Ming Dynasty the dilapidation of Andingwei is closely connected with the formation of Yugu nationality. After the dilapidation of Andingwei, the people in it migrated eastward or drifted in three ways as follows: 1. moved with Yibuci under their threat , settled down in Qinghai, Tianzhu of Gansu and melted with Tu nationality; 2. lived and moved eastward with others; 3. migrated eastward to Nanshan of Suzhou. The descendents called 'red hat' in history originated from Mongolians, belonged to Azhen tribe called 'Ajiao' in history, they were conqnered by Tnlufan, then migrated eastward to Qilian Mountain, had conflicts with Tiemuge tribe of Handongzuowei who migrated there in the 7th year of Jiajing reign, migrated to Huangcheng, under the threat of Tao Tribe of Mongolians, they started to live in Qinghai and melted with Tu nationality. Those lived in Nanshan of Suzhou were called 'Hacitu' in Ming Dynasty and became part of Yugu nationality. The 'great Chief' family was not the descendents of Anding royal family, their surname was 'Anzhang', not'Anding' originated from Andingwei or pronunciation change of 'Handong'.