基于RS、GIS的农林牧复合生态系统景观格局分析———以巴里坤湖区为例

RS/GIS-based Analysis on the Landscape Pattern of the Farming,Forestry, Animal Husbandry Integrated Ecosystem ——Taking the Barkol Lake Area as An Example

运用景观生态学原理 ,借助地理信息系统 ,以LANDSATTM标准假彩色合成影像数据作为主要信息源 ,经过图像增强处理和解译 ,结合各类地理统计数据 ,将研究区划分为 7个景观类型 ,采用分离度、景观分维数、多样性、均匀性、破碎性、优势度等项景观指标分析了研究区的景观空间格局特征。研究结果表明 :(1)该区域主要景观类型为草地景观、荒地景观 ,主要斑块类型为草地、戈壁、林地和耕地 ;(2 )研究区景观破碎度较低 ,多样性较小 ,景观较完整 ;(3)在该区农林牧复合生态系统中 ,牧业占据主导地位 ,但由于人类活动影响的增强 ,平原区草地生态系统退化表现明显。

In the research area, Barkol Lake Area, situated in the Barkol Basin of Xinjiang,China, 7 landscape elements were derived from pseudo color Landsat TM in 2000 by image enhancement and interpretation. Based on GIS and theory of the landscape ecology, secelected fractal dimension,separation, diversity Shannon-weaver, degree of consistency, degree of fracture and dominancy index, analyze the spatial pattern of the landscape. The results indicate that: (1)Grassland and Wasteland are the dominant landscape types, the landscape patchs are mainly low-cover grassland, gobi and cropland; (2)For landscape heterogeneity indices, the fragmentation of the landscapes is low and their diversity is not so high. (3)Proportion of grassland is over 50%, which show that animal husbandry plays the leading role, however, the grassland ecosystem is obviously degenerated on the plain due to the human disturbance.