新疆湿地资源时空变异研究

Study on the Temporal and Spatial Differentiation of Wetland Resources in Xinjiang

新疆地区是中国西北最干旱的地区 ,湿地分布最少的区域之一。新疆湿地资源以天然湿地为主 ,按湿地特征分为南疆和北疆两大区 ,由于南疆和北疆所处的地理位置不同 ,水文条件的差异 ,人类活动的影响程度不同 ,其湿地在空间分布结构、资源类型等方面表现出不同变化特点。本文利用遥感和地理信息系统技术方法对新疆湿地类型、资源现状进行研究 ,再利用GIS的空间分析功能 ,对新疆湿地资源动态变化及时空分布特征进行分析研究。

The distribution zones of wetlands in Xinjiang vary from -154 m a.s.l. to 4800 m a.s.l., thus, the diverse wetland ecosystems deuelop in this inland arid area. Xinjiang is one of the aridest regions with the least wetlands in northwest China. The main wetlands in Xinjiang are natural ones. According to the characteristics of the wetlands, Xinjiang can be divided into two parts, i.e., south Xinjiang and north Xinjiang. The spatial distribution, resources types, etc. of the wetlands in Xinjiang are different between south Xinjiang and north Xinjiang due to their different geographical locations, hydrological conditions and intensity of human activities. In this paper, the types and the actuality of the wetlands in Xinjiang are researched by using the means of remote sensing (RS) and geographical information system (GIS), and the dynamical change and the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of the wetland resources in Xinjiang are analyzed based on the spatial analysis function of GIS. As Xinjiang is a typical inland arid region, it is considered that the wetlands in Xinjiang play an important role in the social and economic development and the people's general life although the areas of the wetlands in Xinjiang are small. Therefore, the conservation of the wetlands in Xinjiang should be paid more attention to so as to improve the ecological environment.