基于遥感与GIS的江河源区土地利用动态变化研究

RS/ GIS-based Study on the Dynamic Land Use Change in the Source Areas of the Yangtze River and Yellow River

基于TM/ETM卫星遥感数据 ,运用GIS方法 ,对江河源区 1986～ 2 0 0 0年土地利用类型的时空变化特征进行了研究。结果表明 :近 15年来源区林地、湿地、草地和冰川面积减少 ,建设用地、耕地和未利用土地面积显著增加 ,土地综合利用程度下降。土地利用动态转化过程以草地转化为未利用土地、湿地转化为草地和未利用地逆转为草地为主要特征 ,全区土地利用的空间位置转换面积大于其数量变化。气候变化和人类经济活动是导致研究区土地利用变化的主要因素。

The source area of the Yangtze River and Yellow River is an important region of water conserving and of high-cold biodiversity in China, and is also a sensitive region of ecological change. In this paper, the temporal and spatial change of land use types in the source area of the Yangtze River and Yellow River during the period of 1986～2000 is researched based on the TM/ETM satellite RS data with GIS methods. The results show that the areas of forestlands, wetlands, grasslands and modern glaciers were reduced in these 15 years, but the areas of the lands used for construction, lands under cultivation and unused lands were significantly enlarged, and the degree of synthetic land use was reduced. The dynamic land use change is mainly characterized by that the grasslands and wetlands were transformed as the unused lands and grasslands respectively, and the unused lands were conversely transformed as the grasslands. The change of geographical location of land use was higher than the change of the areas of land use types. It is considered that the land use change in the study area is mainly caused by climate change and human activities.