我国北方地下水危机与可持续农业的发展

Groundwater Crisis and Sustainable Agricultural Development in North China

我国北方地区大约 70 %的地下水资源开采量用来灌溉农业。超采地下水资源 ,带来了一系列生态环境地质问题 ,如区域地下水位下降、地面沉降、海水入侵、土地盐渍化和荒漠化等。针对上述问题 ,提出四大战略性对策与措施 :(1)发展节水型农业 ,持续高效利用水资源 ;(2 )南水北调和区域管理是解决北方地下水危机的重要途径 ;(3)保护水资源和水环境 ,增加水资源可利用量 ;(4 )开展变化环境下的水循环与水量平衡研究 ,综合开发利用水资源。来解决北方地区地下水资源危机 ,保证可持续农业的发展 ,促进我国社会经济稳定健康发展。

Water is the lifeblood of agriculture, and agriculture is the important backbone of national economy in China. Groundwater resources are the important water sources in north China, in which about 70% of the pumped groundwater is consumed for agricultural irrigation. In order to develop agriculture, groundwater is excessively pumped in north China. Thus, a series ecological environment and geologic problems are resulted in, which include the regional drawdown of groundwater level, ground subsidence, seawater infall, soil salinization, land desertification, etc., which impact directly the economic and social development. Aiming at these problems, four strategic measures are put forward: (1) To develop the water-saving agriculture so as to effectively utilize water resources; (2) The south-to-north water diversion and the regional water resources management are the important ways for resolving the groundwater crisis in north China; (3) To conserve water resources and aqueous environment so as to increase the usable volume of water resources; (4) To carry out the study on water circulation and water budget so as to implement the synthetic exploitation and utilization of water resources. Thus, the groundwater crisis in north China can be resolved, the sustainable agricultural development can be achieved, and the healthy social and economic development can be promoted.