基于超磁致伸缩材料的活塞异形销孔加工原理研究

Machining principle for non-cylinder pin hole of piston based on giant magnetostrictive material

利用超磁致伸缩材料的特性控制刀杆弯曲变形,提出了一种加工活塞异形销孔的新方法.通过理论分析导出了线圈控制电流与超磁致伸缩刀杆变形量之间关系的数学模型.在此基础上,进行了超磁致伸缩刀杆变形性能试验,获得了镗刀切削半径增量与线圈控制电流之间的关系曲线,验证了超磁致伸缩刀杆的可控性和稳定性.然后研制了活塞异形销孔加工控制系统,包括主控、位移检测、热变形补偿温度检测和恒流源驱动等功能模块.基于此原理开发的活塞异形销孔设备达到微米级加工精度.

A new machining principle for non-cylinder pin hole of piston was presented by using giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) to control the deformation of tool rod. A mathematical model was established to characterize the relation between the control current of coil and the deformation of giant magnetostrictive tool rod. A series of tests on the deformation behaviors of giant magnetostrictive tool rod were done, and the relation curve between the radius of boring cutter and the coil currents was obtained, which validated the controllability and stability of the radius of boring cutter. Then the control system for boring the non-cylinder pin hole of piston was developed, whose main function modules including displacement detection, temperature detection for thermal deformation compensation, constant current power and central control unit. The machining results show that the developed machine tool can reach the accuracy of micron order.