儒墨本源新探

A New Probing on the Origin of Confucianism and Mohist

旧论以为儒家是原始时代'政教合一'的人物基本上是正确的.但对此还需要从'君子'与'庖厨'之关系来进一步了解.从古代'食先祭'的文化背景来看,与庖厨关系最为密切的是祭礼或其他相关的巫教仪式.由于最初分工并不发达,所以屠宰动物与主持祭礼是合而为一的,正是在这种历史背景中奠定了原始儒家'巫师兼宰辅'的政治身份.旧论中把'墨'解释为使用墨绳之木匠,此说颇为荒谬,从对历史文献的精神分析看,墨子是一个拥有政治观、宗教观、经济基础和军事能力的集团首领.从墨子一派严格的组织纪律及其弟子对巨子的忠诚来看,我推测这很可能是一个流亡的贵族集团.从古代流行的三统说来看,夏德水,其色尚玄,由此可知墨色正是夏代王朝的象征.这是墨子被迫亡其姓氏之后,而取这一颇具象征意义的符号自命的原因.

The old theory which regards Confucianism is the unification of religion and politics in primitive age is basically right, but exploring of the relationship between 'Gentleman' and 'Kitchen' will help understand it better. From the ancient culture background --do sacrifice before eat, the Kitchen is a place connected with offerings and other related religious ceremony. Because in the ancient time the division of labor was not that well developed, Confucianism had to assume two roles as minister and religious master. Mo Zi was referred to as a carpenter in the old theory, which is really ridiculous. The historical document shows that Mo Zi was the leader of a group which had well developed economical foundation, religious view point and military capability. Mo is a color which was a symbol of Xia Dynasty. Mohist use this title in memory of the perdition of its name.