从土地环境解读我国的土地问题

Study on China's Land Problems from Land Environment

土地环境是指存在于土地外部的物质、空间和人类社会体系 ,包括土地自然环境、土地工程环境、土地社会环境三大板块 ,具有整体性、区域性、动态性和相对稳定性等基本特性。土地环境决定着土地的价值、利用方式、利用结构和利用效益。从土地环境的诱因 ,把土地问题区分为原生土地问题、次生土地问题和社会土地问题三大类。我国此三类问题都非常严峻 ,致使人地关系失调 ,土地关系失衡。土地环境研究应围绕土地利用整体效益最大化、保护耕地、消除土地利用中不利的外部性影响三个目标 ,既要开展基础研究 ,揭示土地与土地环境之间的关系及其相互作用的机理和时空演变规律 ,又要进行应用研究 。

The land environment consists of substance,space and social system surrounding the land,which can be specified as the natural land environment,the project land environment and the social land environment.The land environment shows three main characteristics—globality,regionality,dynamic quality and relative stability.On the basis of introduction of the land environment,the authors classify the land problems into three kinds—primary land problems,secondary land problems and social land problems.These problems are all very serious in China,and have caused serious negative influence on society,economy and environment.The study of land environment should aim at getting whole benefits of land utilization,protecting cropland and eliminating bad external influences,so it should include not only basic theoretical research but also applied research.