全新世海侵对长江口沿海平原新石器遗址分布的影响

DISTRIBUTION OF THE NEOLITHIC SITES IN THE CHANGJIANG COASTAL PLAINS: HOLOCENE TRANSGRESSION IMPACT

文章通过对长江三角洲南北两岸太湖和里下河两大平原新石器遗址分布和迁移特征的对比研究 ,发现两地新石器文化均起源于 70 0 0aB .P .前。可以认为全新世气候变暖和海平面上升是两地新石器文化兴起的原因。之后里下河平原经历了由全新世海侵引起的盐沼化过程 ,古文化发展受到明显的抑制 ;相比之下 ,太湖古平原为一丘状台地 ,地势高爽 ,加上贝壳砂堤对海水的有效阻挡 ,盐沼化过程稍弱 ,古文化得以延续和繁荣。

The present paper is to discuss the relationship between the distribution of Neolithic settlement in the Changjiang coastal plains (Lixiahe and Taihu) and morphological evolution in association with the Holocene transgression. The Qingliangang culture, Dawenkou culture, and Longshan culture prevailed in the Lixiahe plain. By contrast, the Taihu plain is characterized by Majiabang culture, Songze culture, and Liangzhu culture. The author collected data of 50 Neolithic sites from Lixiahe plain and of 198 Neolithic sites from Taihu plain. In the Lixiahe plain, the number of Neolithic sites decreased markedly from Qingliangang culture to Dawenkou culture. Only one to two sites were found during Dawenkou and Longshan cultures in the Lixiahe plain. In the Taihu plain, the Neolithic culture kept flourishing from Majiabang to Liangzhu culture as indicated by persistent increase of the Neolithic sites. On the basis of numerous Neolithic site migrations on coast and sedimentary facies recognition, it is realized that the Neolithic cultures characterized largely by the earliest Qingliangang and Majiabang initiated at ～7 000aB.P. can be used to demonstrate the environmental control Holocene sea level fluctuation on human civilization and reconstruct. Global climate warming and sea level rise during the Holocene time may account for this hydro civilization. Mid Holocene transgression led to the Lixiahe depression being inundated as lagoon facies, and broke the continuity of Neolithic culture. In contrast, the former higher topographic relief in association with extensive chenier ridges occurring to the paleo Taihu plain effectively protected from vast marine invasion into the Taihu region during the Mid Holocene. This favours the prosperous Neolithic culture, and might even favour continuous societal development of the region today.