行政强制措施研究

Research on Compulsory Administrative Measures

行政强制措施是我国《行政诉讼法》规定的可诉具体行政行为之一,也是我国行政强制立法过程中遇到的重要问题。在我国行政法理论和实务中,围绕行政强制措施存在较大的意见分歧和模糊认识。我国现行法律对行政强制措施的规定,一方面使行政执法者拥有了排除妨碍的必要手段,另一方面也使行政强制措施被置于复议机关和法院的监督之下。对行政强制措施产生认识分歧的原因有:法律对行政强制措施的规定留有弹性空间;行政法理论对实践中使用的各种强制手段缺乏理性的总结和归纳;法律引入行政强制措施时未考虑与既有概念的协调。行政强制措施是否可诉,取决于它是否为一个独立完整和已经成立的具体行政行为,也取决于它与相对人权益的关系。

Provided by Administrative Procedure Law of The People's Republic of China, compulsory administrative measures are specific administrative acts subject to judicial review. It is also a significant point to the legislation of Administrative Enforcement Law. However, present laws leave much room for defining compulsory administrative measures, and there is a lack of a rational summary on them. Therefore, in both practice and theory, the understandings of compulsory administrative measures are different, even divergent. Here, the author will define compulsory administrative measures as enforceable means taken in the enforcement of administrative law. Specifically, the author believes that the present provisions on compulsory administrative measures authorize the administrative executive organs with administrative power on the exclusion of hindrance on one hand, and make the compulsory administrative measures under supervision by both administrative organ for reconsideration and court on the other. Last but not least, when we touch upon judicial review over the compulsory administrative measures, the relationship between said measures and the rights of the opposite person to the administration, as well as the independence and integrality as a specific administrative act, should be taken into serious consideration.