辽金时期西辽河流域农业开发与人口容量

Agricultural exploitation and popoulation carrying capacity of West Liaohe River valley in Liao and Jin dynasties

辽金时期西辽河流域农业核心区屡次转移 ,与人口数额、资源禀赋以及由此而产生的环境压力相关。由于西辽河流域南北地区资源环境的差异 ,两地能够供养的人口数量是不同的。本文指出 ,虽然辽中期以西拉木伦河流域为核心的上京地区与以老哈河流域为核心的辽中京地区人口数额相近 ,但辽上京地区人口接近或达到这一地区人口容量的临界值 ,环境已不能满足全部人口的生存需求 ,最终以人口迁出形式求得人口与资源的暂时平衡 ;而辽中京地区 ,由于资源环境较优 ,整体上人口与资源禀赋保持平衡 ,仅局部地区存在资源不能持续满足人们生存需求的现象 ,在此背景下人们以二次移民形式完成新一阶段生存环境的选择。

In Liao and Jin Dynasties, shifts of the agricultural core area in West Liaohe River valley was interrelated to population, resources and pressure on the environment exerted by the fore two aspects. Difference in resources and environment between the northern and the southern parts of the West Liao River caused the disparity of the population that the two parts could support. In the middle of Liao Dynasty, the population of Shang Jin, which centered the valley of Xilamulun River, was similar to that of Zhong Jin, which centered the valley of Laoha River.However, the population of Shang Jin may approach to or reach the limit (or deadline) of the population capacity. The environment could not meet the requirement of subsistence for all the population.And the balance between the population and the resources could be only preserved by emigration. On the contrary, the balance could be well maintained because of the better resources and environment in Zhong Jin area. The situation that the resources could not meet the requirement of subsistence only happened in part of the area. At this background, the choice of the subsistent environment in new period was made by the second emigration.