松嫩草原中南部退化羊草草地生态恢复与重建中大型土壤动物群落生态特征

Ecological characteristics of soil macro-animal community in mid-south Songnen degraded Leymus chinensis grasslands under restoration succession

选取吉林省大安市姜家甸草场清塘羊草草地、三年生人工碱茅草地和一年生人工碱茅草地为研究样地,2002年分7月、8月和10月3次对样地野外采样。共捕获大型土壤动物4190只,分别隶属3门7纲16目18类。土壤动物群落间个体密度有一定的差异,鞘翅目在各生境中都有较高个体密度分布,显示其是该草原地带大型土壤动物的特征性类群。土壤动物类群和个体数垂直分布表聚程度群落间有较大不同。土壤动物群落生物多样性存在空间分异和明显季节间波动,人为水肥干预可以增加土壤动物群落的生物多样性。DG多样性指数更适合表达不同演替阶段土壤动物群落的差异,大型土壤动物群落生物多样性能够指示退化草地生态系统恢复与重建过程。

Taking natural Leymus chinensis communities, man-planted Puccinellia chinampoensis communities of three years old and one year old as studied area, soil macro-animals were sampled in July, August and October of 2002 in the Jiangjiadian grasslands, Da'an city, Jilin province. 4 190 individuals of soil animals were collected. They were subdivided into 3 hylum, 7 classes, 16 orders and 18 categories. Individual densities of soil animal communities were different among three sampling areas. Higher densities of Coleoptera was found in all grasslands, which showed Coleoptera a marking genus in this grasslands. The surface gathering of soil animal categories and individuals distributed in vertical soil sections were different between the communities. Diversity patterns of soil animals varied in space and undulated in season among all communities. Supply of water and fertility by man would increase diversities of soil animal communities. Diversity index of DG would more suitably express the difference of various soil animal successions. Thus the authors believe that the ecological restoration succession of (degraded) grasslands may be showed by diversity of soil macro-animals.