灌溉量对小麦氮素吸收和运转的影响

Effects of Irrigation Amount on Absorbability and Translocation of Nitrogen in Winter Wheat

在田间遮雨棚中研究了两种灌溉模式和两个冬小麦品种的氮素吸收和运转规律 ,在本试验条件下 ,开花期吸收的氮来自土壤的占 75 77%～ 83 0 9% ,到成熟期为 79 31%～ 83 74 %。灌浆期间灌水增加植株各器官吸收肥料氮的比例 ,而降低了吸收土壤氮素的比例。小麦籽粒氮素的 6 7 4 7%～ 83 37%来自开花前营养器官的贮存氮 ,虽然叶片的总含氮量最大 ,但对籽粒氮素贡献最大的是茎和鞘。改善土壤水分状况可促进氮素自营养器官向籽粒的转移 ,增加总氮素产量和生物产量。

The experiment on absorbability and translocation of nitrogen in winter wheat with two irrigation regimes and two cultivars was conducted at agricultural experiment station of Shandong Agricultural University, which was located in the central zone of main winter wheat production area in famous Huang (Yellow river)-Huai (Huai river)-Hai (Hai river) plain in China. Under the conditions of the experiment, the nitrogen uptake from soil ranged from 75.77% to 83.09% and from 79.31% to 83.74% at anthesis and maturity respectively. During grain filling, more irrigation could make the percentage of nitrogen uptake more from fertilizer, and less from soil for organs of winter wheat. The nitrogen contribution to grain, which came from the nitrogen stored in vegetable organs before flowering, ranged from 67.47% to 83.37%. The largest contribution of nitrogen to grain was from the stem or sheath, although the amount of leaf nitrogen was the greatest. More irrigation could promote the nitrogen translocation from vegetative organs to grains, and increase the yields of total nitrogen and biomass.