3Jonassen D H,what is cognitive tools?In:Kommers P.Jonssen D.Mayes J,eds.Cognitive Tools for Learning.Berlin:Springer-Verlag Publications.1992.
4Jonassen D H,Objectivism versus constructivism:Do we need a new philosophical paradigm?ETR&D,39(3),5—14,1991.
5.[EB/OL].http://www.cnets.org.National Educational Technology Standards for Teachers,2000.
6.[EB/OL].http://www.ceoforum.org.,.
7《中国大百科全书·教育》,第59页,中国大百科全书出版社1985版.
8Lee C. Deighton et.al Eds.(1971), The Encyclopedia of Education .vol.4, P411.412
9Alain Chaptal (1998),New and Traditional Educational Media: How to Choose Between them -Teachers' Choices,Edcuational Media International ,1998,Dec. No.4 Vol.35,P241-245.
10Ellsworth C. Dent (1945),The Audio-Visual Handbook (5th edition),P16.20-21,21，178.
