从政府集权管理到多元自治管理——中国社会保险组织管理模式的未来发展

From the Government-Centralization to the Plural Self-Administration ——The Future of the Organization and Administration of Chinese Social Insurance

组织管理模式是社会保险制度发展的重要制约因素。中国社会保险组织管理模式是以官设、官管、官办、官督为特色的典型政府集权管理模式,这种模式排斥了社会保险制度中最重要的责任主体———劳资双方的参与权,对社会保险制度自我调节、自我发展造成了不良影响。中国社会保险组织管理模式应当由政府集权管理向多元合作的自治管理模式转化,成立由政府、雇主代表、劳工代表和专家组成的社会保险自治管理委员会(3+1模式),使社会保险实现自我调节、自我发展,保证社会保险制度的健康、可持续发展。实行这种组织管理模式还必须创造相应的条件,包括将社会保险制度的确立权交给全国人大,将社会保险的实施向官民结合的方向推进等。

The model of organization and administration of social insurance is the important factor influencing the development of social insurance. The organization and administration of Chinese social insurance is the distinguishing government-centralization model with features of government-planning, government-controlling, government-operating and government-supervising, which refuse the participation of labor and capital who should be the most responsible part for Chinese social insurance. It has side effects on self-coordination and self-development of Chinese social insurance. The author holds the opinion that the model of Chinese social insurance should shift from the government-centralization to the plural self-administration which will help self-coordination and self-development of social insurance and promote its healthy and sustainable development, since the plural self-administration administration means social insurance run by social insurance self-administration committee composed of government, employer representatives, labor representative and experts. The action of plural self-administration needs the creation of certain environment involving transferring the right of establishing the social insurance system to the national people's congress and promoting the implementation of social insurance towards the combination of government and people and so on.