“应然”的实践阐释——论马克思的实践应然观

The Practical Connotation of "Sollen" ——On Marx's Practical Perspective of Sollen

应然即"应当如此",它植根于人与世界的实践关系。马克思在创立"新唯物主义"的过程中,立足于人类实践寻找应然的各种规定性,将应然的本质归结为以人的需要为最高尺度,重构世界图景,在以人为中心的前提下实现人与世界的和解。马克思的实践应然观的基本思想可以概括为六个命题:(1)应然是从实然出发的否定和超越;(2)应然的最终根据是人类生存和发展的需要;(3)应然是对必然的利用;(4)认识的根本任务是对实然的应然建构;(5)应然实然化的基本途径是社会实践;(6)追求应然的终极目的是实现人与世界的和解。

The rational basis of sollen, or 'it should be such and such', is the practical relationship between man and the physical world. In the course of founding 'neo-materialism', Marx, from the evidence that human practice is the process of looking for sollen and the prescriptive nature of sollen, put it that the essence of sollen was the prime measurement of man's long-run interest and need. With this he rebuilt the scenario of nature, and under the premise that man is the center of nature, he sought for the harmony between man and nature. Marx's practical perspective of sollen can be reduced to five essential propositions: (1) Sollen is the negation and transcending of starting from actuality. (2) The ultimate evidence of sollen is the man's need for existence and development. (3) Sollen is the actualization of necessity. (4) The essential task of knowing is the construction of sollen on the basis of actuality. (5) The basic approach to the actualization of sollen is man's social practice.