人工湿地植物系统优化管理研究

Optimization and Utilization of Constructed Wetland Plant Systems

在北京官厅水库附近建立潜流人工湿地(总面积:5×20m×2m),芦苇、蒲草混合种植,研究其工艺参数对植物生长状况的影响,植物生长优劣及杂草的存在对污染物去除效率的影响。结果表明,人工湿地运行初期控制水位和水力负荷对植物生长非常重要;在相同的水力负荷下,植物生长状况良好的人工湿地污水处理效果明显高于植物生长状况差的人工湿地,污染物去除效率与植物生长的优劣呈正相关关系;大量杂草特别是浅根旱生杂草的生长会降低人工湿地的净化效率。最后分析了人工湿地生态,提出系统植物的种植、运行期和冬季的管理方法和综合利用思路。

Intercropped with Phragmites communis and Typha angustifolia, subsu rface flow constructed wetland systems(CWS) with the surface area of 5×20 m×2 m were established beside Guanting Reservoir, an important source of Beijing. U sing parallel experiment on the spot, the influence of operation parameters on t he growth of plants, and the influence of the growth status of plants and weeds on the removal of pollutants were studied. The results showed that it was import ant to control water level and hydraulic loading at the beginning of the constru cted wetland systems start-up. Under the same hydraulic loading, the wetland w ith better growing plants had higher pollutants removal efficiency than that wit h relatively worse growing plants, and the pollutants removal efficiency was cor related to the growth status of plants. The presence of large quantities of weed s, especially those shallow-rooted xeric weeds, reduced the removal of contami nants in the wetland. In order to improve the utilizing efficiency of artificial wetland, we also studied the artificial ecological chain of wetland system, the state of the plant diseases, insect pests and the amount and quality of the pla nt, discussed the measures for plant cultivating and controlling and for prevent ing and curing plant diseases and insect pests in artificial wetland, and put fo rward the thought of integrative optimization and utilizing the systematic plant .