遏制潼关高程抬升及渭河下游淤积发展之对策

Countermeasures to control the rising of Tongguan riverbed and the sediment aggradations in lower reaches of Weihe River

对潼关断面与渭河下游特殊地理位置及潼关断面高程抬升与渭河下游淤积发展的关系进行分析后认为,潼关断面高程的上升是导致渭河下游淤积发展及萎缩的内在根源,解决潼关高程上升问题是解决渭河下游泥沙淤积发展的前提和条件;并从历年潼关站1000m3/s流量的水位变化情况和控制运用期的汛期冲刷实测资料,以及2003年非汛期的原型试验和汛期的畅泄排沙试验实测资料,论证分析了降低潼关高程的可行性;进一步分析论述了治理和解决潼关断面抬升问题的方法和措施,其中包括加强潼关上游水保措施和泥沙拦蓄工程,降低汛期和非汛期水库运用水位,对潼关以下河段裁弯整治并辅以机械挖淤与疏浚等措施。

The rising of Tongguan riverbed is the inherent cause of sediment aggradations and channel shrinkage of lower Weihe River,so to make Tongguan riverbed lowering is the precondition to control channel shrinkage of lower Weihe River.It is demonstrated that it is feasible to make Tongguan riverbed lowering by Sanmenxia reservoir operational practice and observed data,such as changes in water level at Tongguan station with discharge of 1 000 m^3/s,observed data of riverbed flushing at Tongguan station in flood-period operation in Sanmenxia reservoir control operation,and observed data in flood period and non-flood period operation in 2003.There are many methods and measures to make Tongguan riverbed lowering,such as trapping coarse sediment on the upstream tributary river of Tongguan,diverting muddy flow and making sediment settle down on the outside of embankment,adjusting operation mode of Sanmenxia reservoir,dredging up and enhancing effectiveness of the conservation of soil and water.It is an effective and emergent measure and first scheme to adjust and perfect operation mode of Sanmenxia reservoir to make Tongguan riverbed down,that is to say,to lower water level of Sanmenxia reservoir in flood period and non-flood period operation.However,it is radical measure to resolve the problem of the rising of Tongguan riverbed and channel shrinkage of lower Weihe River to enhance the measure of the conservation of soil and water.