毛竹林经营干扰、林下植物与冠层螨类之间的关系

Relation between Management Disturbance and Undergrowth and Canopy Mites in Phyllostachys pubescens Forests

将毛竹林人工经营划分为垦复施肥、垦复、劈草、喷山 (喷施除草剂 +劈草 )和抛荒 (对照 ) 5种类型 ,于2 0 0 1年 9月到 2 0 0 2年 8月对各类经营下毛竹纯林冠层螨类和林下植物进行了调查 ,结果表明 :(1)林下灌木层有 36科 84种植物 ,藤本层有 15科 2 8种 ,草本层有 2 6科 30种 ,林下植物各层次多样性和均匀度大小序列均为灌木层 >藤本层 >草本层。 (2 )各类经营干扰均降低了林下灌木层植物的多样性和均匀度 ,但提高了草本层的丰富度、多样性和均匀度 ,对藤本层的影响则较复杂。 (3)竹冠层螨类主要由 15种益害螨组成 ,垦复施肥可显著提高冠层螨类的多样性 ,垦复施肥和劈草可显著提高其均匀度 ,降低其优势集中性。 (4)毛竹纯林林下植物多样性与竹冠层螨类多样性的相关性不显著 ,但藤本层多样性显著不利于竹小爪螨种群的增长 ,草本层多样性则显著地有利于竹冠层重要天敌 -竹盲走螨种群的增长。

The main types of management artificial disturbance to monoculture bamboo( Phyllostachys pubescens ) forests could be divided into cultivating land+fertilization(C+F), cultivating land(C), leveling off hilltops(L), spraying herbicide +leveling off hilltops(S+L) and non management(CK) in recent years. By means of spot check of undergrowth and canopy mites on bamboo in different forests disturbed with different types of managements disturbance in Sanming, Fujian Province from Sep. 2001 to Aug. 2002 , the results indicated that (1) there were 84 species of plant that belonged to 36 families in shrub layer, and 28 species of plant that belonged to 15 families in liana layer, and 30 species of plant that belonged to 26 families in herb layer under the monoculture bamboo forests in Sanming, Fujian Province. The sequence of species diversity of different layers in undergrowth was shrub layer >liana layer>herb layer. (2) All types of disturbance reduced the species diversity and evenness in shrub layer, and increased the richness, species diversity and evenness in herb layer. But the effects on liana layer were complicated. (3) There were 15 species in canopy mites group in bamboo forests which included 9 species of harmful mites and 6 species of predatory mites. In comparison with CK, C+F could increase the diversity of the canopy mites group, C+F and L could all increase the evenness of the group and decline its dominant concentration. (4) The correlation between the undergrowth diversity and canopy mites diversity was not significant. But the plant diversity in liana layer made significantly against the increase of the population of Oligonychus urama , and the plant diversity in herb layer was in favor of the increase of the population of Typhlodrinus bambusa .