正常幼儿语法发育的影响因素研究

Study on related factors of phrases and sentences development in toddlers.

【目的】 了解影响幼儿语法发育的有关因素 ,为促进幼儿语言发育提供依据。 【方法】 采用现况定量研究方法。用多阶段分层不等比例抽样方法在北京 4个城区抽取样本。用“中文早期语言与沟通发展量表”及个人背景问卷 ,对北京城区 10 5 6名 16～ 3 0个月正常幼儿母亲或日间照顾人进行面对面问卷调查。运用Z评分法对幼儿语法粗分进行标准化 ,再用单因素和多重回归分析方法探讨影响幼儿语法发育的因素。 【结果】 调查地区 16～ 3 0个月龄正常幼儿平均语法表达结构得分由 16个月时的 6分增加到 3 0个月时的 84分 ,占总分的 83 %。单因素分析和多重回归分析结果显示 ,父亲受教育程度、父亲月收入、幼儿性格外向是幼儿语法发育的有利因素 ;幼儿开始说话月龄与幼儿语法发育得分Z评分呈负相关。 【结论】 家庭社会经济状况是影响小儿语法发育的重要因素。保健人员应重视幼儿语言发育 ,教育幼儿父母注意与儿童沟通 ,加强对儿童的早期教育 。

Objective To assess the overall developmental patterns of phrase and sentence in healthy toddlers in urban Beijing and to identify relevant individual and family background predictors of that development. This was a quantitative Cross-sectional study of 1 056 toddlers(16～30 months), from a randomly stratified selected in four urban districts of Beijing. Parents or other caregivers of the children were administered the Chinese Communicative Development Inventory (CCDI) mandarin version and related background questionnaire. Z-scores were used to standardize the crude score of phrases and sentences. Single and multiple factors analysis were used so as to find related factors. 16-month-old toddlers could get, on average, six scores, where as 30-month-old toddlers could obtain eighty four scores,which account 83% of total scores. Fathers’ education and income, as well as toddlers’ extroversion temperament, were positively related to toddlers’ development of phrases and sentences. The age at which children were reported to begin speaking(development mile stone)was negatively related to toddlers’ development of phrases and sentences. [Conclusions] Parents’ social-economic status and status of early development of toddlers are important factors related to toddlers’ development of phrases and sentences. It is suggested that health workers should pay attention to the toddlers’ language development. The toddlers’ parents should improve themselves-cultivation, and communicate with children as more as possible,and at the same time pay attention to children’s early development.