儿童哮喘发病与治疗相关因素回顾性分析

Retrospective analysis of attack factors and treatment for children asthma.

【目的】 通过对儿童哮喘发病及其治疗的相关因素进行性分析 ,了解影响小儿哮喘发病的因素和防治状况。 【方法】 对在西安交通大学第二医院儿童哮喘门诊就诊的 2 0 6例哮喘患儿进行问卷调查及随访观察。 【结果】 2 0 6例哮喘患儿首次出现喘息的年龄 <3岁者占 87.4% ( 180例 ) ,以冬季最多见占 41.5 % ( 61例 )。诱发因素以呼吸道感染最多见 ,占 5 2 .4% ( 10 8)。家族中有哮喘及其他过敏史者分别为 17.5 %和 19.9% ,患儿有湿疹和(或 )过敏性鼻炎等个人过敏史者占 2 5 .5 %。患儿首次发病距确诊时间平均为 ( 15± 6)月 ,其中 1年以上确诊的占83 .5 % ( 172例 )。在诊断哮喘的患儿中有 63 .8% ( 13 1例 )能接受哮喘知识教育和规范化管理 ,坚持吸入激素治疗 ,有3 6.2 % ( 75 )例未规范化治疗管理。 【结论】 哮喘发病与年龄、季节、家族史及个人过敏史等多种因素有密切关系 。

Objective To analyse the attack factors and treatment of children asthma ,to explore the relationship of the causes and treatment with acute attack of asthma. 206 cases of asthma from the child asthma outpatient were investigated by questionnaire. Of the 206 cases, 180 cases (87.4%) occurred first wheeze under age 3 years, the attack seasons of asthma were mainly in autumn and winter, specially in winter. Induced factors of asthma were mostly respiratory infection 52.4% (108 cases). Family history of asthma and allergic diseases were showed in 17.5% and 19.9% respectively, history of eczema and allergic rhinitis were 25.5%. The time of asthma diagnosis was average (15±6) months after the first attack, 83.5% cases exceed 1 year,63.8% of children asthma were received regular prevention and management, but 36.2% were not received. [Conclusion] There was close relationship of asthmatic attack factors with age, season, family history and personal allergic disease. Early diagnosis and preventive management play an important role in children asthma.