黎、汉族学龄前儿童行为问题影响因素的对照研究

Comparative study of effective factors on psychological and behavioral problems for preschool children in Li and Han nations.

【目的】 了解黎、汉族学龄前儿童心理行为发展状况及其影响因素 ,为黎、汉族学龄前儿童行为问题的干预措施提供科学依据 ; 【方法】 采用Achenbach’s儿童行为量表对黎族 92 9名 ,汉族 792名学龄前儿童家长进行问卷调查 ,同时填写儿童行为问题影响因素的自拟调查表 ; 【结果】 ①学龄前儿童行为问题检出率黎族为7.0 0 % ,汉族为 16.90 % ,两者差异具有显著性意义 ,但无性别差异 ;②单因素分析结果显示影响学龄前儿童行为问题的因素 :黎族为父母文化程度、早期喂养方式等 ;汉族为父母教育方式、母亲妊娠期用药等 ;③多因素分析结果显示影响学龄前儿童行为问题的因素 :黎族为照顾者、母亲对妊娠态度等 ;汉族为父母亲责备打骂子女、父母教育方式等。 【结论】 黎族学龄前儿童行为问题的检出率低于汉族学龄前儿童。

Objective To know the status of psychological and behavioral problems of preschool children in both Li and Han nations, to identify the effective factors, and to provide guide lines for intervention. Parents of preschool children in 929 Li nation and 792 Han nation were surveyed by the Achenbach’s Child Behavior Checklist and the self-made questionnaire. ①The prevalence of the behavioral problem among preschool children was 7.00% in Li nation and 16.90% in Han nation, and the difference between the two prevalence was significant; The difference between prevalence of girls and boys was not significant; ② Results of single factor analysis were: the risk factors of behavioral problem in preschool children among Li nation included parent’s education levels, feeding styles in early childhood etc; Among Han nation were parent’s teaching styles, exposure to certain drugs during pregnancy etc; ③ Result of multi-risk factor analysis were: the risk factors of behavioral problem in preschool among Li nation included caretaker, mother’s attitude toward pregnancy etc; Among Han nation were parent blaming and beating children, teaching styles etc; [Conclusion] The prevalence of behavioral problems in preschool children of Li nation is lower than that of Han nation.