林火研究综述(Ⅴ)——航空护林

A Summary of the Development of Air Attack

概述了国外航空护林的发展历史和当前采用的主要航空灭火手段。灭火方式主要包括伞降灭火、机降灭火、洒水 (灭火剂 )灭火。还分别介绍了一些国家的航空护林情况 ,包括采用的灭火飞机机型、管理模式及未来发展趋势。与发达国家相比 ,我国航空护林水平还不能满足森林防火的需要 ,今后需要采用大型灭火飞机和运输机 ,促进扑火资源的合理配置和灭火效率的提高 ,直升机将更多地用于空中指挥和火灾监测。

This paper summarized the development course of air attack in the world and introduces the main forms of air attack. The means of air attack includes smoker jumping, aircraft landing and sprinkling water or chemicals by air tank. This paper also described the aircrafts' management, used air tack types in some well-developed countries. Compared with these countries, air attack in China can not meet the needs of fire prevention. Given the air tank and sky truck were adopted in fire attack, which would be make use of the fire resources and increase the fire attack efficiency. In the future, the helicopter and single-seater aircraft will be used more widely for air direction and fire detection.