薄壳山核桃优新品种和无性系开花物候特性研究

A Study on Flowering Phenology of Carya illinoensis New Varieties and Clones in East China

通过对薄壳山核桃引进和选育的品种材料的新枝萌发生长节律、开花物候、花期长短等观测分析,结果表明:开雌花树比例少、雌花数量少以及花期不遇是影响薄壳山核桃产量的主要因素。物候期是反映薄壳山核桃生物学特性变化的标志,正确地认识和掌握薄壳山核桃物候期是制定栽培技术措施的重要依据之一,特别是正确掌握薄壳山核桃的生长开花的物候特征,为种植园品种如何搭配、提高薄壳山核桃的产量提供了理论依据。

The observation has been carried out on the orderliness of new branch bourgeoning, flowering phenology and florescence length in the genetic-resources-collection garden of the pecan research station of the Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry. The results showed that the proportion of female flowers, female flower quantity and synchronization between male and female flowers' phenology phase influence the C. illinoensis nut output greatly. Phenology phase is the mark that reflects change of the C. illinoensis biological traits. Clear knowledge of phenology phase in the basis for measures taken in the establishment of the fruit garden and cultivation proceeding of pecan. Especially, flowering phenology traits can been used to solve the problems in variety arrangement in the established garden and cultivation with high and steady yield, and good quality of nuts.