水稻(Oryza sativaL.)铝毒害与耐性机制及铝毒害的缓解作用

MECHANISMS OF ALUMINIUM TOXICITY TO AND TOLERANCE OF RICE (ORYZA SATIVA L.) AND CATABOLISM OF AL STRESS IN ACID SOILS

铝 (Al) 毒是广泛存在于热带亚热带地区酸性土壤上的主要的生产力限制因子之一。水稻Al毒害主要发生在新开垦的旱地酸性土壤上。本文较详细地总结了: (1) 水稻发生Al毒的环境条件,水稻Al毒害的可见症状和Al毒害的部位;(2) 水稻耐Al指标,营养元素的吸收与分配对水稻耐受Al毒害的影响,以及Al胁迫下根系分泌物、根际pH的变化等对水稻耐Al的贡献,水稻耐Al基因的定位等;(3) 水稻Al毒害的缓解作用机理及可能的解决措施。最后对水稻Al毒害和水稻耐Al机制研究中存在问题进行了分析探讨,同时对今后的研究作了展望。

Aluminum is one of the major constraints that limit plant productivity in acid soils, which are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas. Rice often suffers from Al stress in newly reclaimed acid soils, especially under upland conditions. This review focused on: (1) mechanisms of Al toxicity to rice; (2) mechanisms of Al stress tolerance of rice; (3) mechanisms of and measures for alleviation of Al stress in acid soils. In addition, problems and research priorities in the study on Al-toxicity to and Al-tolerance of rice were discussed.