耐辐射基因工程菌Deinococcus radiodurans及其在环境修复中的应用

Engineered radiation-resistant bacteria and their application in bioremediation of radioactive wastes-contaminated environment

耐辐射球菌(Deinococcus radiodurans)是一种革兰氏阳性微球菌,非致病菌,可以应用于放射性核素污染环境的生物修复。由于一般的微生物对辐射非常敏感,因此不能用于既存在放射性核素,又存在有机污染物的复合污染场所。利用物理化学方法清除这类污染,其价格非常昂贵。利用微生物修复这类环境是一种具有活力的替代技术。基因工程手段可以解除微生物固有的一些物理、化学和生理方面的限制。在辐射成为限制微生物生存和发挥其功能的情况下,利用基因改造的Deinococcusradiodurans进行环境修复是一种具有实用潜力的手段。

Deinococcus radiodurans is a radiation?resistant bacterium, possessing remarkable resistance to a range of damage caused by ionizing radiations, desiccation, ultra?violet ray and oxidizing agents. Its potential applications include remediation of radioactive wastes?contaminated environments. Radiation?sensitive organisms cannot be used in the environment contaminated by both radioactive wastes and organic pollutants. Physicochemical cleanup technologies that could be used are expensive. The use of microorganisms to stabilize or detoxify these envi- ronments is a viable alternative. A bioremediation strategy based on the radiation?resistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans is being developed for the decontamination of sources where radiation levels are high. The genetic engi- neering could be overcome the physical, chemical, and physiologic constraints imposed on microorganism by radio- active wastes. Application of engineered D. radiodurans for the treatment of environments where radiation is the principle factor limiting microbial survival and function appears to be a potential and effective approach.