北方城市森林绿地植物群落的树种选择与配置

THE CHOICE AND ARRANGEMEN OF TREE SPICES IN PLANT COMMUNITY OF URBAN GREEN AREA. JOURNAL OF UNIVERSITY

城市森林生态系统的建立,不仅仅是绿地覆盖率的提高与绿量的堆砌,而应该在生态学、植物学、美学和景观艺术等学科的基础上,充分认识城市绿化树种的生物学与生态学特性,对其进行有机的配置和组合,从植物群落的节奏、韵律、层次、色彩、多样性等角度出发,建设高水平,上档次的城市生态环境。本文通过大量调查,从树种的生物学特性,生态学特性,种类,结构,布局,层次,色彩,季相景观,苗龄,密度等方面,提出了城市森林树种选择与配置的各种问题。并针对性的提出了一系列改进方案,如把握树种生物学特性,科学选择树种;以生态学特性为基础,因地制宜,合理利用小环境;乔灌草相结合,常绿与落叶相结合;生态效益与景观效益相结合;群落多样性与特色基调树种相结合;短期效益与长期效益相结合;合理选用种植密度;速生乡土树种与珍贵绿化树种相结合;绿化、美化、香化与季相景观相结合等。

The construction of green area system in city, is not only the increase of green area coverage rate and the piling up of green amount, but building the high-level ecological environment in city at the point of the rhythm、metre、 administrative levels、color、diversity etc ,which is by means of realizing the biological and ecological characteristic of tree species and combining and arranging it organically on the basis of ecology、 botany、 aesthetics and landscape art. The paper questioned about the choice of tree spices and arrangement in urban green area through inquiring biology and ecology characteristic, category, structure, layout, level of structure, color, quarter landscape, seedling age, and density etc of plants. And drawing up a series of plan for solving the problems, for example, grasping the biology characteristic and choosing the tree species scientifically; Reasonable taking advantage of small environment according to ecology characteristic; Reasonable arranging the multi-layer structure of arbor, shrub and grass; Reasonable arranging the ratio of conifer to broadleaf arbor; The ecological benefits should be harmonious with scenery benefits; The population diversity should be harmonious with characteristic keynote tree ; The short-term benefits should be harmonious with long-term benefits; It is reasonable to choose the density of plant; The native plants should be combined with immigrated expensive plants; Afforestation , beauty and fragrance should be combined together etc.