吉林省西部春旱区的坐水种技术解析

Analysis and Explanation for Sowing with Water Technique in Semiarid Area in Western Part of Jilin Province

对吉林省春旱区的坐水种技术,从自然水分规律、传统耕作技术在农业生产中存在的根本矛盾和坐水种应有的地位等方面进行了阐述和解析。将全年水分变化分为4个时期,即:夏季蓄墒期、秋季稳墒期、冬季冻结增墒期和春季失墒返浆期。认为传统耕法是利用返浆水为基础的春旱束缚下的产物。在生产上所形成的各种矛盾,不利于按照生物学特性要求进行栽培,应加以改革,认为坐水种在高产耕作技术中应视为埯灌、苗眼灌技术。可视为深耕、深施肥,从而在适温、苗眼水分充足条件下,浸种催芽,适时浅播,而获壮苗。可以按照作物对营养的要求进行等距、埯种、密植而获高产。应把坐水种当作旱区的一种节水型灌溉技术,一种关键的增产措施。

The Sowing with water technique in semiarid area in western part of Jilin province was analyzed. The dynamic laws of soil water from natural rainfall, the main problem existed in conventional tillage practice and advantages of the Sowing with water technique were presented in the paper. The situation of soil water can be divided into four stages, i.e. soil water store stage in summer, soil water stable stage in autumn, soil water increase stage in winter, soil water decrease and return up stage in spring. The return up soil water was used in conventional tillage practice to solve the drought problem in spring. According to characters of crops, the conventional tillage technique is unfavorable and must be reformed. The Sowing with water techniques, such as the Hole irrigation technique, ensure proper temperature and enough water in the hole though seeds were sown shallowly. It is favorable to get an even emergence of seedling. Seedlings grow vigorous and will give a heavy crop. The Sowing with water techniques should be considered an economic irrigation technique in semiarid area and a key measure to raise crops yield.