空间结构函数在上海地区气象站网设计中的应用

THE APPLICATION OF SPATIAL STRUCTURE FUNCTIONS TO THE DESIGN OF WEATHER STATION NETWORKS IN THE SHANGHAI AREA

本文把气象要素场的空间结构函数(以下简称结构函数)作为台站网设计的一种依据。初步研究了上海地区气象站网的合理分布。利用上海地区12个台站的逐日平均温度、逐日平均相对湿度及月降水量资料,分别计算了相应要素场的结构函数,从而确定各种插值方法(例如:线性的、等边三角形的、正方形的内插法)的内插标准误差。然后,根据内插标准误差应小于等于观测标准误差的原则,提出上海地区二类站的最佳距离约为50公里,三类站的最佳距离约为30公里。

A preliminary study is made on the rational distribution of weatherstation networks in the Shanghai area by using the spatial structurefunction as the criterion for the design. The corresponding structurefunctions of the temperature, humidity and rainfall fields are calculatedusing the daily mean temperature and relative humidity, and the monthlyrainfall data. The standard errors of the inerpolation values are thusobtained by different methods(linear, equilateral triangular and square).Based on the principle that the standard error of interpolation shouldnot exceed the observation error, the optimal distances betweensecond-order stations and third-order stations are about 50 km and30 km respectively.