摘要
本文主要研究了稠油的组分分离及其基本性质,为稠油组分在水包油乳状液中的作用机理研究提供基础数据。首次建立了将稠油分为酸性分、碱性分、两性分和中性分四组分的离子交换色谱分离技术。采用该分离技术对辽河杜-84稠油和胜利孤岛垦西稠油进行了组分分离,同时用极性分离法将稠油分为饱和分、芳香分、胶质和沥青质四组分。之后对这些组分进行了元素、酸碱值、相对分子质量及红外光谱等组成结构测定。结果表明,杜-84稠油中酸性分、碱性分、两性分含量达36.92%;孤岛垦西稠油中酸性分、碱性分、两性分含量达20.65%。元素分析、酸碱值和红外光谱分析结果表明,分离效果较好,离子交换色谱分离法收率可达95%以上。极性四组分以沥青质相对分子质量最高(2000-3000),且辽河沥青质比孤岛沥青质要大许多,反映出辽河稠油的超稠油特性;相对分子质量大小顺序为:沥青质>胶质>芳香分>饱和分;官能团四组分中,碱性分相对分子质量最大(1150-1222),其它由大到小依次为两性分、酸性分、中性分。
The functional fractions (acid, basic, amphoteric and neutral fractions) are isolated from the Liaohe Du-84 heavy crude oil and Shengli Gudao Kenxi heavy crude oil by ion-exchange chromatography, but the conventional fractions (saturates, aromatics, resins and asphaltenes) are also isolated from the heavy crude oil. These components have been characterized by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR), namely acid number, basic nitrogen number, ultimate analysis and molecular weight measurements using vapor pressure osmometry (VPO). The ion-exchange chromatography method based on separation by a functional group induces a little change on the nature of the crudes and reasonable mass balances can be easily obtained.
