洪河保护区湿地生态需水量研究

Study on the Ecological Water Requirement of Wetland in Honghe National Nature Reserve

以洪河保护区为例 ,按照湿地生态系统的结构和功能 ,把生态需水量划分为 4种类型 :湿地植被需水量、湿地土壤需水量、生物栖息地需水量、补给地下水需水量 ,分别确定了需水量的级别和相应的指标。根据公式 ,计算了保护区各级别的生态需水量。结果表明 ,洪河保护区湿地最小生态需水量为 1 .4 8× 1 0 8m3 ～ 1 .99× 1 0 8m3 ,最适宜生态需水量为 1 .99× 1 0 8m3 ～ 2 .9× 1 0 8m3 ,最大生态需水量为 3.72× 1 0 8m3 ～ 4 .5 2× 1 0 8m3 。

Wetland, a special ecological system, is being recognized by more and more people and is playing an important and positive role in regional sustainable development, but under global change background, the future of wetland can't be treated optimistically. Due to natural change and especial human destruction, the area of wetland is greatly decreasing. To Recover wetland ecological system has become urgent task that we must face. Water play an important role in the course of wetland recovering. So it is very important for us to research ecological water requirement of wetland. With the Honghe National Nature Reserve as a case, based on structures and functions of wetland ecological system, ecological water requirement was divided into four parts, water requirement of wetland vegetation, water requirement of wetland soil, water requirement of wildlife habitats and water requirement of recharging ground water, and according to the indexes that was presented in the paper, each part was respectively classified to three grades. According to the formulas that were given in the paper, all kinds of ecological water requirement of wetland in Honghe National Nature Reserve were calculated, the results showed the least ecological water requirement be between 1.48×10 8m 3 and 1.99×10 8m 3,the most proper ecological water requirement between 1.99×10 8m 3 and 2.9×10 8m 3 and the most ecological water requirement between 3.72×10 8m 3 and 4.52×10 8m 3.