中西政治旨趣迥异的人性论基础

The Human Nature Theory Basis of Different Political Purport in China and Western Countries

在中西政治文明的进程中,政治建构对于哲学人性论的依赖,一直是一个通贯的文化景观。任何政治都隐含着关于人性的假定,对于人性的不同预设导致了迥然不同的政治旨趣。西方国家崇尚法治与分权制衡的政治追求基于它对人的局限性和恶性的体认,中国历史上崇尚德治与集权专制的政治基于它对人性的完满和本善的预设,而理想的政治设计和政治运作应以对人性善恶的全面把握为基础。

During the development of political civilization, the dependence of political construction on the philosophic human nature theory is always a continual spectacle in China and Western countries. Every politics contains the presupposition of human nature, which results in much more different political purport. The pursuit of advocating law and power division restriction in Western countries is on the basis of the recognition of human limitation and viciousness. The political reality of moral rule and collective autarchy in China is on the basis of the presupposition of perfect and good human nature. But the ideal political design and political operation should be on the basis of the whole understanding of good and bad human nature.