公共媒介与社会发展——关于近年来我国新闻改革的理论思考

Reflections on Journalist Reform in China

新闻改革的终极目标是促进社会的健康发展。从媒介生态功能理论的视角来看,相对完善的媒介生态系统对于社会的健康发展极为重要。新闻传播史表明,在市场经济条件下,一个相对完善的媒介生态系统一般包括三个部分,即官方媒介、公共媒介和商业媒介。它们分别以政治传播、社会守望以及信息服务为其主要功能取向。比较而言,目前我国的媒介生态结构中缺少其中的第二种媒介,因此使传媒系统固有的守望功能难以得到及时、充分的发挥,造成政府对一些苗头问题失察进而导致一些重大社会问题的频发。从这个角度观照我国近年来的新闻改革,我们认为除了实现媒介组织结构的市场化再造以求做大做强之外,还应考虑如何构建一个合理的媒介生态系统以促进社会的协调、健康发展。

The ultimate purpose of journalist reform is to promote social development, which requires a relatively perfect media ecosystem. Under conditions of market economy, a relatively perfect media ecosystem consists of three parts: official media, public media and commercial media, which function as political dissemination, social supervision and information service respectively. In China, however, the absence of public media has resulted in the neglect of duties on the part of the governments at various levels, and also in the recurrent social problems of great consequences. Therefore, in conducting journalist reform, it is necessary to construct a sound media ecosystem in order to promote the harmonious development of society.