睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者记忆改变的研究

Memory changes in patients with sleep apnea syndrome

目的 了解睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(SAS)患者记忆改变的特征及可能的相关因素。方法采用多导睡眠分析仪对45例SAS患者(病例组)进行整夜睡眠监测和韦氏记忆量表(WMS)检测,并与30名正常人(对照组)进行对照,对SAS患者记忆改变的危险因素进行多因素回归分析。结果(1)病例组的睡眠结构紊乱,与正常对照组比较,非快速眼动相睡眠1-2期比例高、3-4期比例低,REM睡眠少,觉醒多,睡眠潜伏期短等,差异有显著性和非常显著性(P<0.05和<0.01);(2)病例组的WMS总记忆商数低于正常对照组(分别为86.45±12.53和101.89±6.78),即刻记忆和短时记忆因子分也低于正常对照组,差异均有非常显著性(P<0.01和<0.05);(3)教育水平、睡眠潜伏期、慢波睡眠比例、快速眼动相睡眠比例、夜间觉醒次数和夜间最低血氧饱和度可能与SAS患者记忆改变有关。结论 SAS患者的记忆功能显著受损,可能与睡眠、呼吸紊乱有关。

Objective To evaluated the memory characteristics in patients with sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and to identify the related risk factors. Methods Forty-five SAS patients and 55 healthy control subjects underwent the whole-night polysomnographic ( PSG) monitoring and completed memory examination with Wechsler memory scale (WMS). The PSG variables and memory scores were compared between the two groups. And the correlated risk factors of memory changes in SAS patients were identified with stepwise multiple regression analysis. Results Compared with the healthy control subjects, SAS patients suffered from fragmented sleep, such as less percentage of slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep, higher percentage of S1 or S2 and brief arousal frequency from sleep ( P < 0. 05 ) . The score of memory quotient of WMS in SAS group was significantly lower than that in healthy control group ( 86. 45±12. 53 vs. 101. 89±6. 78) , so did factors of immediate memory and short-term memory ( P <0. 01 ). The correlated risk factors with memory changes in SAS patients were educational levels, sleep latency, percentage of slow wave sleep or rapid eye movement sleep, arousals and minimum arterial oxygen saturation. Conclusion SAS patients suffer from memory changes, which may be correlated with the disturbed respiration and sleep architecture.