装甲车辆驾驶员在热环境下持续作业时机体生理及心理的变化趋势

The tendency of physiological and psychological change of the armuored vehicle drivers working continuously in hot environment

目的 探索装甲车辆驾驶员在热环境下持续作业时心理、生理的变化趋势。方法 10名标准对象按交叉设计法分为对照组和驾驶员组。驾驶员组按装甲车辆实际作业需要实施连续作业 ,作业环境温度 32℃～ 38℃ ,相对湿度 5 0 %～ 80 %。作业过程中同步动态测定驾驶员的心率、体温、收缩压、脉压差 4项主要生理参数变化 ,从计算机化的神经行为测试评价系统抽取情绪状况问卷、系列加减和数字检索对驾驶员作业前后的心理变化进行测定。结果 作业开始后 ,驾驶员 4项生理参数曲线迅速同步升高 ,(36± 3)min时形成第一次高峰 ,随后平稳下降 ;(14 4± 8)min时 ,心率、体温、收缩压又明显上升 ,形成第二次高峰。作业后行为心理测量结果提示 ,驾驶员疲劳程度迅速增加 ,握力大幅度下降 ,兴奋性明显下降 ,迷茫、抑郁等负性情绪上升 ,视感知 -操作错误数升高 ,正确数下降 ,智力下降 ,运动速度、灵敏性下降。结论 装甲车辆驾驶员在热环境下持续作业时相关生理参数呈现双峰反应 ,第一峰出现在 (36± 3)min ,为机体动员期 ,随后进入生理平稳期 ,第二峰出现在 (14 4± 8)min ,为生理耐限期。

Objective To probe the tendency of physiological and psychological change of armuored vehicle drivers working continuously in hot environment. Methods Ten cross-designed standard subjects were divided into control group and driver group.The driver group worked continuously in 32 ℃～38 ℃ and RH 50%～80% environment.Heart rate,body temperature,systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure were synchronously and dynamically determined during work.Psychological parameters such as profile of mood states(POMS) questionnaire,serial addition/subtraction(SAS) and two-digit search(TDS) selected from neurobehavioral evaluation system(NES) before and after work were also tested. Results The curves of the four main physiological parameters rapidly synchro-rose to a peak at (36±3) min,whereafter the curves descended smoothly.At (144±8) min,the curves climbed up to the second peak.The determination of the behavioral psychology revealed that the degree of fatigue of the drivers increased gradually when the working time prolonged,and the grip descended by great extent,excitement reduced markedly after work,but the negative mood,such as confusion and depression were increased,error of visual apperceive-operation was increased,right decreased,intelligence reduced,rapidity and delicacy of movement reduced. Conclusion The physiological parameters of armored vehicle drivers working continuously in the hot condition appeared double-peak effect,the 1st peak was at (36±3) min,and the body was in mobilizing stage.Whereafter,the body was in smooth stage.And at (144±8) min,when the 2nd peak appeared,the body then was in physiological tolerance limit stage.