工业化进程中的农业剩余劳动力转移——基于我国工业化资本排斥劳动的经验分析

The Transfer of the Agricultural Surplus Labor Force in the Process of Industrialization——An Empirical Analysis Based on the Exclusion Labor from Capital

二元经济理论是早期发展经济学的一个重要理论,它指出将传统农业部门的剩余劳动力向现代工业部门转移,不仅可以解决很多剩余劳动力的就业和增加这部分劳动力的收入,而且可以增加现代工业部门的产出和积累。反过来,现代工业部门的不断增长使之能吸收更多农业剩余劳动力。然而,我国农业剩余劳动力的转移却没有按照刘易斯过程一帆风顺的发展,而是表现了转移的艰难,目前我国还存在大量的农业剩余劳动力。针对这一现象,本文从我国工业化进程角度探索了它对我国农业剩余劳动力转移的影响,并认为目前的工业化进程并不十分有利于农业剩余劳动力转移,而是表现了资本排斥劳动的趋势。因此,本文认为在短期内用“两条腿走路”仍是解决我国农业剩余劳力就业问题的基本思路。

The theory of dual economy became an important theory in development economics. It points out that the transfer of surplus labor force from the traditional agricultural sector to the contemporary industry sector, not only resolve the occupation problem of surplus labor force and increase their income, but also increase output and accumulation of contemporary industry sector. Adversely, the increase of the contemporary industry sector can employ more and more agricultural surplus labor force. However, the transfer is difficult, not smooth. Now there are lots of agricultural surplus labor force in china. According to the phenomenon, after analyzing the effect of industrialization on the transfer of the agricultural surplus labor force, this article thinks that the process of industrialization presently is not beneficial to the transfer of the agricultural surplus labor force. Consequently, this article thinks that “two-leg walk ”is the basic approach to resolve the problem of the agricultural surplus labor force occupation.