430例颅底病变手术与缺损修复的临床分析

Clinical analysis of 430 cases of skull base lesions

目的 通过对颅底病变手术处理与缺损修复的疗效分析 ,总结其病变类型、部位、特点及其手术处理与修复的方法 ,为临床提供有益经验。方法 对 1982年 2月至 2 0 0 2年 12月在我科住院手术的颅底病例进行统计分析。结果 4 30例颅底病变患者中 ,男 2 6 5例 (6 1 6 % ) ,女 16 5例(38 4 % ) ;患者平均年龄 36 1岁 (2 5～ 76 0岁 ) ;左侧颅底病变 173例 (4 0 2 % ) ,右侧 178例(4 1 4 % ) ,累及颅底中部和两侧者 79例 (18 4 % ) ;累及前颅底 116例 (2 7 0 % ) ,中间颅底 5 7例(13 3% ) ,侧、后颅底 174例 (4 0 5 % ) ,有 83例 (19 5 % )累及颅底 2个或 2个以上的区域。 4 30例病变中肿瘤 2 83例 (6 5 8% ) ,外伤 76例 (17 7% ) ,先天性病变 4 2例 (9 8% ) ,感染性病变 18例(4 2 % ) ,原因不明 11例 (2 6 % )。 2 83例肿瘤患者中良性肿瘤 15 4例 (35 8% ) ,恶性 12 9例(30 0 % )。全部病变均经手术处理 ,其中 2次手术 4 3例 ,3次手术 5例 ,4次手术 4例 ,5次手术 1例 ,6次手术 3例 ,共行手术 5 14例次。行颅底骨缺损修复 95例 (2 2 1% ) ,行脑膜修补 117例 (2 7 2 % ) ;发生术后并发症 2 7例 (6 3% )。 2例因病变累及颈内动脉 ,手术时血管破裂 ,行颈内动脉和颈总动脉结扎后引起脑疝而死亡 。

Objective Through analysis of surgical treatment and repair methods for the skull base lesions, to summarize the type, sites, characters of the lesions and the methods of surgical treatment and repair, and to provide the beneficial experience for the surgeons. Methods Four hundred and thirty patients were hospitalized and treated surgically between Feb. 1982 and Dec, 2002, and their clinical data were analyzed. Results Of 430 patients, 265 (61.6%) were male, 165 (38.4%) female. The mean age was 36.1 years old (range from 2.5 to 76.0). In 173 cases (40.2%), the lesions were on the left side of the skull base, 178 cases (41.4%) on the right, 79 cases (18.4%) involving the central and both side of the skull base. In 116 cases (27.0%), the lesions were located in anterior skull base, 57 (13.3%) in central, 174 (40.5%) in lateral and posterior, and the remainder 83 cases (19.5%) in two or more regions. Of 430 cases, 283 (65.8%) were tumors, among them, 154 (35.8%) were benign, 129 (30.0%) malignant, 76 (17.7%) trauma , 42 (9.8%) congenital, 18(4.2%) infection, 11 (2.6%) unknown. All patients were surgically treated. Of them, 43 cases were treated for 2 times, 5 cases for 3 times, 4 for 4 times, 1 for 5 times, 3 for 6 times. The total were 514 times. The bone defect was reconstructed in 95 cases (22.1%). The dura mater was repaired in 117 cases (27.2%). The postoperative complications occurred in 27 cases. Two cases died in 2 and 3 days after operation because of brain hernia with the ligation of common carotid artery and internal carotid artery for artery rupture. No death occurred during operation. Conclusions The majority of the skull base lesions were tumors. The male patients were more than female. Appropriate surgical approach and better perioperative treatment could harvest the satisfactory effect.